Section+3,+Table+5+-+Hardware+&+OS,+file+systems

**Week 5 - Hardware, Operating Systems, and File Systems**
File system: a data structure on a disk that holds files

3 Ways to allocate space on a hard drive
 * 1) Contiguous
 * 2) Linked
 * 3) Indexed

Keywords:
 * < **Keyword** ||< **Definition** ||< **Source** ||
 * < Internal fragmentation ||< Occurs when you allocate storage without ever intending to use it. This space is wasted. ||<  ||
 * < External Fragmentation ||< It is the phenomenon in which free storage becomes divided into many small pieces over time. ||<  ||
 * < Data fragmentation ||< It occurs when a piece of data in memory is broken up into many pieces that are not close together (or far apart). It is typically the result of attempting to insert a large object into storage that has already suffered external fragmentation. ||<  ||
 * < Thermal Grease ||< A fluid substance, originally with properties akin to grease, which increases the thermal conductivity of a thermal interface (by compensating for the irregular surfaces of the components). Used between the chip and the heat sink. ||<  ||
 * < Heat Sink ||< An environment or object that absorbs and dissipates heat from another object using thermal contact (either direct or radiant). Heat sinks are used in a wide range of applications wherever efficient heat dissipation is required; major examples include refrigeration, heat engines, and cooling both electronic devices and lasers. ||<  ||
 * < Cooling ||< Computer cooling is the process of removing heat from computer components. ||<  ||
 * < Motherboard ||< The central printed circuit board (PCB) in some complex electronic systems, such as modern personal computers. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, or, on Apple computers, the logic board. It is also sometimes casually shortened to mobo. ||