Terms_From_Group1

**Hardware/Software**

 * ASP
 * Application Service Provider)A third-party entity that manages and distributes software-based services and solutions to customers across a wide area network from a central data center.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/A/application_service_provider.html
 * Bit Torrent
 * A popular file sharing service developed by Bram Cohen that prevents people from downloading constantly unless they are willing to share in the overall transmission load on the network.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=BitTorrent&x=39&y=14
 * Bus
 * A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=JBFW4QUC3ZMC2QSNDLPSKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=Bus&x=25&y=7
 * CD-ROM/RW Drive
 * Can read CD-ROMs and can write onto CD-R disks; With CD-RW drives and disks, you can treat the optical disk just like a floppy or hard disk, writing data onto it multiple times.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=cd-rw&x=0&y=0
 * COM1
 * In a PC, the name assigned to the first serial port; PCs are typically designed to support up to four serial ports; The term originated before the days of the mouse, when the serial port was primarily used for modem COM-munications.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=UMUXN1OGZ0T52QSNDLRSKHSCJUNN2JVN?term=COM1&x=0&y=0
 * CPU
 * This is the central processing unit and is sometimes referred to as the brains of the computer.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=JBFW4QUC3ZMC2QSNDLPSKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=CPU&x=0&y=0
 * CVS
 * Short for Concurrent Versions System, an open-source, network-transparent program that allows developers to keep track of different development versions of source code.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/C/CVS.html
 * Desktop
 * A graphical user interface containing icons that can be moved, reshuffled, and thrown away, as if they were real files on a desk.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/d/desktop.html
 * DIMM
 * **D**ual **i**n-line **M**emory **M**odule; A small circuit board that holds memory chips; 64-bit path; Can install memory one DIMM at a time.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/D/DIMM.html
 * Driver
 * A program that controlls a device.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/d/driver.html
 * FAT
 * (File Allocation Table) The original file system used in DOS, Windows and OS/2. The FAT keeps track of where data are stored on disk. When the disk is high-level formatted, the FAT is recorded twice and contains a table with an entry for each disk cluster.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=FAT&x=0&y=0
 * FireWire
 * A high-speed serial bus developed by Apple and Texas Instruments that allows for the connection of up to 63 devices.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=JBFW4QUC3ZMC2QSNDLPSKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=firewire&x=0&y=0
 * Floppy Drive
 * A reusable storage medium introduced by IBM in 1971. Until the early 1990s, the floppy drive was the primary method for distributing software.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=floppydisk
 * Fragmentation
 * Refers to the condition of a disk in which files are divided into pieces scattered around the disk.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/f/fragmentation.html
 * Hard Drive
 * The mechanism that reads and writes data on a hard disk.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=UMUXN1OGZ0T52QSNDLRSKHSCJUNN2JVN?term=hard+drive&x=0&y=0
 * IDE
 * A programming environment integrated into a software application that provides a GUI builder, a text or code editor, a compiler and/or interpreter and a debugger. Integrated Development Environment.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/I/integrated_development_environment.html
 * IR
 * (Infrared) A wave of light that in invisible to the eye. Can be used to send information wirelessly.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/i/infrared.html
 * Modem
 * Short for Modulator-demodulator. A device or program that enables a computer to transit data over telephone or cable lines.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/m/modem.html
 * NIC
 * (Network Interface Card) An expansion board you insert into a computer so a computer can be connected to a network.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/n/network_interface_card_NIC.html
 * NTFS
 * (NT File System) An optional file system for Windows NT, 2000 and XP operating systems. More advanced than FAT32. It improves performance and is required in order to implement numerous security and administrative features in OS.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=ntfs&x=0&y=0
 * OS
 * (Operating System) Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/o/operating_system.html
 * Parallel
 * Refers to processes that occur simultaneously. This means the device is capable of receiving more than one bit at a time.
 * http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/parallel_interface.html
 * RAM
 * A type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/R/RAM.html
 * RF
 * The term may be used to contrast wireless transmission systems that do not require line of sight with those that do.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=RF&x=0&y=0
 * ROM
 * **R**ead **O**nly **M**emory; Computer memory on which data has been prerecorded; Once data has been written on a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/R/ROM.html
 * RS232
 * Short for recommended standard-232C, a standard interface approved by the Electronic Industries Alliance for connecting serial devices.
 * http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/RS_232C.html
 * SCSI
 * (Small Computer System Interface) A parallel interface standard used to attatch peripheral devices to computers.
 * http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCSI.html
 * Serial
 * A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device. i.e: modems and mice.
 * http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/serial_port.html
 * SIMM
 * (Single in-line memory module) A small circuit board that can hold a group of memory chips. SIMM has a 32-bit path to the memory chips.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/S/SIMM.html
 * USB
 * (Universal Serial Bus) A widley used hardward interface for attaching peripheral devices.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=JBFW4QUC3ZMC2QSNDLPSKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=USB&x=0&y=0
 * Virtual Machine
 * A self-contained operating environment that behaves as if it is a separate computer.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/v/virtual_machine.html
 * Virtual Memory
 * An imaginary memory area supported by some operating systems in conjunction with the hardware.
 * http://webopedia.com.term/v/virtual_memory.html

**Text, Numbers, and Characters**

 * ASCII
 * American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It's a code for English characters used as numbers; 0-127.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/A/ASCII.html
 * @ sign
 * This symbol is used in email addressing to separate the user's name from the user's domain name.
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/At_sign
 * BackSlash
 * This character represents the root directory and is also used to separate directory names.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=backslash
 * Binary Number
 * Pertaining to a number system that has just two unique digits; 0 and 1; All operations that are possible in the decimal system are equally possible in the binary system; For a computer the binary system is more natural because of its electrical nature (charged versus uncharged).
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/b/binary.html
 * Character
 * Any symbol that requires one byte of storage.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/character.html
 * Font
 * A font is a combination of typeface and other qualities, such as size, pitch, and spacing.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/f/font.html
 * Font Family
 * A set of fonts all with the same typeface, but different sizes, weights, and slants.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/f/font_face.html
 * Forward-Slash
 * The forward slash character is /. Now more commonly referred to as the "forward slash", this character was first called an oblique.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=EX5UCYSFLKLV4QSNDLPSKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=forward+slash&x=0&y=0
 * Hexadecimal
 * The base-16 number system, which consists of 16 unique symbols: the numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A to F.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/h/hexadecimal.html
 * Italic/Oblique
 * Italic refers to fonts with characters slanted to the right.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/i/italic.html
 * Mono-Spaced
 * Refers to fonts in which each character has the same width.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/m/monospacing.html
 * Octet
 * An octet is 8 bits. It is equivalent to a byte, as long as the byte is also 8 bits.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/o/octet.html
 * Point
 * The height of a character.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/p/piont.html
 * Proportionally Spaced
 * Using different widths for different characters.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/p/proportional_spacing.html
 * Sans Serif
 * A category of typeface that does not use serifs.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/s/sans_serif.html
 * Serif
 * A small decorative line added to embellish the basic form of a character.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/s/serif.html
 * Tilda ~
 * Typographical character found on most keyboards that means various things, depending on the context.
 * http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213147,00.html

**Languages/Code Terminology**
HTML
 * Attribute
 * A value associated with an element, consisting of a name, and an associated (textual) value. Also: An attribute is a parameter to an element declared in the DTD. An attribute's type and value range, including a possible default value, are defined in the DTD.
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1
 * CSS
 * A style sheet format for HTML documents endorsed by the World Wide Web Consortium. CSS1 (Version 1.0) provides hundreds of layout settings that can be applied to all the subsequent HTML pages that are downloaded. CSS2 (Version 2.0) adds support for XML, oral presentations for the visually impaired, downloadable fonts and other enhancements.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=CascadingStyleSheets
 * Depreciated
 * A deprecated element or attribute is one that has been outdated by newer constructs. Deprecated elements may become obsolete in future versions of HTML. The index of HTML elements and attributes in the Techniques Document indicates which elements and attributes are deprecated in HTML 4.0. Authors should avoid using deprecated elements and attributes. User agents should continue to support for reasons of backward compatibility.
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/#deprecated
 * DTD
 * Short for document type definition. A DTD states what tags and attributes are used to describe content in an SGML, XML or HTML document, where each tag is allowed, and which tags can appear within other tags. For example, in a DTD one could say that LIST tags can contain ITEM tags, but ITEM tags cannot contain LIST tags. In some editors, when authors are inputting information, they can place tags only where the DTD allows. This ensures that all the documentation is formatted the same way. Applications will use a document's DTD to properly read and display a document's contents. Changes in the format of the document can be easily made by modifying the DTD.
 * http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DTD.html
 * Element
 * This document uses the term "element" both in the strict SGML sense (an element is a syntactic construct) and more generally to mean a type of content (such as video or sound) or a logical construct (such as a header or list). The second sense emphasizes that a guideline inspired by HTML could easily apply to another markup language. Note that some (SGML) elements have content that is rendered (e.g., the P, LI, or TABLE elements in HTML), some are replaced by external content (e.g., IMG), and some affect processing (e.g., STYLE and SCRIPT cause information to be processed by a style sheet or script engine). An element that causes text characters to be part of the document is called a text element.
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/#deprecated
 * Frameset
 * The HTML tag that divides a Web page into sections (frames). The following HTML divides the screen page into two horizontal frames with the top frame having 25% of the screen and the bottom frame having 75%.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=G2RBRW0ZL21USQSNDLRSKHSCJUNN2JVN?term=frameset&x=14&y=7
 * (HyperText Markup Language) The authorizing language used to create documents on the web.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/H/HTML.html
 * SGML
 * (Standard Generalized Markup Language) A system for organizing and tagging elements of a document.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/S/SGML.html
 * Strict
 * Strict is a trimmed down version of HTML 4.01 that emphasizes structure over presentation. Deprecated elements and attributes (including most presentational attributes), frames, and link targets are not allowed in HTML 4 Strict. By writing to HTML 4 Strict, authors can achieve accessible, structurally rich documents that easily adapt to style sheets and different browsing situations. However, HTML 4 Strict documents may look bland on very old browsers that lack support for style sheets.
 * http://htmlhelp.com/tools/validator/doctype.html
 * Transitional
 * The Transitional DTD includes presentation attributes and elements that W3C expects to move to a style sheet. Use this when you need to use HTML's presentational features because your readers don't have browsers that support Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
 * http://www.w3schools.com/tags/tag_doctype.asp
 * Validation
 * Validation is a process whereby documents are verified against the associated DTD, ensuring that the structure, use of elements, and use of attributes are consistent with the definitions in the DTD.
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1
 * W3C
 * (World Wide Web Consortium, www.w3.org) An international industry consortium founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee to develop standards for the Web. It is hosted in the U.S. by the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT (www.csail.mit.edu/index.php). More than 400 organizations worldwide are involved, and members work on projects called "Activities." The W3C has standardized many of the fundamental technologies of the Web, including HTML and XML, URLs and URIs, the SOAP protocol and the P3P privacy description.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=G2RBRW0ZL21USQSNDLRSKHSCJUNN2JVN?term=w3c&_requestid=586153
 * Well-Formed
 * A document is well-formed when it is structured according to the rules defined in Section 2.1 of the XML 1.0 Recommendation [XML].
 * http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1
 * XHTML
 * (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) A hybrid between HTML and XML specifically designed for net device displays.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/X/XHTML.html
 * XML
 * (Extensible Markup Language) A pared-down version of SGML, designed especially for web documents.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/X/XML.html

**Internet and Networking**

 * Backbone
 * Another term for bus, the main wire that connects nodes. The term is often used to describe the main network connections composing the internet.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/b/backbone.html
 * Blog
 * A web page that serves as a publicly accessible personal journal for an individual.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/b/blog.html
 * Broadband
 * A type of data transmission in which a single medium (wire) can carry several channels at once. Cable TV, for example, uses broadband transmission. In contrast, baseband transmission allows only one signal at a time.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/b/broadband.html
 * Client/Server
 * A network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server. Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives, printers, or network traffic. Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/c/client_server_architecture.html
 * DNS Server
 * (Domain Name System) An Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.html
 * Ethernet
 * Ethernet uses a bus or star topology and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/E/Ethernet.html
 * FTP
 * (File Transfer Protocol) The protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/F/FTP.html
 * HTTP
 * (HyperText Transfer Protocol) Defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/H/HTTP.html
 * Hub
 * A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN, contains multiple ports, When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/h/hub.html
 * ISP
 * (Internet Service Provider) A company that provides access to the internet. I.E. Comcast
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/I/ISP.html
 * LAN
 * (Local Area Network) A computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/l/local_area_network_LAN.html
 * Net Neutrality
 * The term used to describe networks that are open to equal access to all.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/n/network_neutrality.html
 * PGP
 * One of the most common ways to protect messages on the internet because it is effective, easy to use, and free.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/P/Pretty_Good_Privacy.html
 * Peer-to-Peer
 * A type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/p/peer_to_peer_architecture.html
 * Router
 * A device that forwards data packets along networks.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/r/router.html
 * Server
 * A computer or device on a network that manages network resources.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/s/server.html
 * Switch
 * A device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/s/switch.html
 * TCP/IP
 * (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) The suite of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/T/TCP_IP.html
 * URI
 * (Uniform Resource Identifier) The generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the web.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/U/URI.html
 * URL
 * (Uniform Resource Locator)the global address of documents and other resources on the web.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/U/URL.html
 * VPN
 * (Virtual Private Network) A network that is constructed by using public wires to connect nodes.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/V/VPN.html
 * Wiki
 * Allows anyone to edit, delete or modify content that has been placed on the Web site using a browser interface, including the work of previous authors.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/w/wiki.html
 * Wireless G
 * Commonly referred to as WiMAX or less commonly as WirelessMAN or the Air Interface Standard, IEEE 802.16 is a specification for fixed broadband wireless metropolitan access networks (MANs)
 * http://webopedia.com/quick_ref/WLANStandards.asp

**Vulnerabilities**

 * Buffer Flow
 * The condition wherein the data transferred to a buffer exceeds the storage capacity of the buffer and some of the data overflows into another buffer which the data was not supposed to go into. The overflow can corrupt data that is already contained in the other buffer.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/b/buffer_overflow.html
 * Logic Bomb
 * Code added into software that lies dormant until a predetermined period of time.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/l/logic_bomb.html
 * Phishing
 * The act of sending an e-mail to someone falsely claiming to be an established enterprise in an attempt to gain private information.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=SVFONEFQSIHWUQSNDLPCKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=Phishing&x=21&y=15
 * Social Engineering
 * Engineering The act of obtaining or attempting to obtain otherwise secure data by conning an individual into revealing secure information.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml;jsessionid=SVFONEFQSIHWUQSNDLPCKH0CJUNN2JVN?term=Social+Engineering&x=30&y=6
 * Spam
 * Unsolicited email advertising for some product sent to a mailing list or newsgroup.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/s/spam.html
 * Worm
 * A program that replicates itself over a computer network and performs malicious actions.
 * http://webopedis.com/TERM/w/worm.html
 * Virus
 * A manmade program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/v/virus.html

**Security**

 * Audit Log
 * A chronological record of system activities to enable the reconstruction and examination of the sequence of events and/or changes in an event.
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_log
 * Authentication
 * The process of identifying an individual usually based on a username and password.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/a/authentication.html
 * Confidentiality
 * Restrictions on the accessibility and dissemination of information.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=confidentiality
 * Encryption
 * The translation of data into a secret code. Most effective way to achieve data security.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/e/encryption.html
 * Integrity
 * The quality of correctness, completeness, wholeness, soundness, and compliance with the intention of the creators of the data.
 * http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia/defineterm.jhtml?term=dataintegrity
 * PGP
 * One of the most common ways to protect messages on the internet because it is effective, easy to use, and free.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/P/Pretty_Good_Privacy.html
 * PKI
 * A system of digital certificates, certificate authorities, and other registration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of each party involved in an internet transaction.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/P/PKI.html
 * Firewall
 * A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/
 * Strong Password
 * A password that is difficult to setect by both humans and computer programs.
 * http://webopedia.com/TERM/s/strong_passwords.html

Commonly Used Sources:

 * [|Webopedia]**
 * [|Techweb]**
 * [|Wikipedia]**