Group+4+Terms

Connectivity
1. **CVS** http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 2. **Peer-to-Peer** Peer to peer implies that either side of a connection can initiate a session and has equal responsibility http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 3. **FTP** http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 4. **Broadband** High-speed transmission. The term commonly refers to internet access via cable and DSL, which is as much as 400 times faster than analog dialup http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 5. **BitTorrent** A popular file sharing service developed by Bram Chen that prevents people from downloading constantly unless they are willing to share in the overall transmission load on the network http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 6. **Fileserver** A high speed computer in a network that stores the programs and data files shared by users. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 7. **LAN L**ocal **A**rea **N**etwork. A communications network that serves users within a confined geogrphical area. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 8. **NLR** A high-speed national computer network in the US that runs over fiber-optic lines, and is the first transcontinental Ethernet network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 9. **Protocols** The format and procedure that governs the transmitting and recieving of data http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 10. **TCP/IP T**ransmission **C**ontrol **P**rotocol/**I**nternet **P**rotocol. A communications protocol developed under contract from the U.S. Department of Defense to internetwork dissimilar systems http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 11. **Client/Server** An architecture in which the users's PC (the client) is the requesting machine and the server is the supplying machine, both of which are connected via a local area network or wide area network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 12. **Backbone** The part of a network that handles the major traffic. It employs the highest-speed transmission paths in the network and may also run the longest distance http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 13. **Hub** In an Ethernet network, a device to which all clients and servers are wired http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 14. **Router** A network device that forwards packets from one network to another http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 15. **Switch** A mechanical or electronic device that directs the flow of electrical or optical signals from one side to the other. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 16. **Server** A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 17. **Wireless G** A family of IEEE standards for wireless LANs that were designed to extend 802.3 into the wireless domain http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 18. **DNS Server** A dedicated server or a service within a server that provides DNS name resolutionn in an IP network http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 19. **ISP I**nternet **S**erver **P**rovider. An organization that provides access to the internet. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 20. **ASP A**pplication **S**erver **P**rovicer. An organization that hosts software applications on its own servers within its own facilities http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 21. **Parallel** Provides a multiline data channel in which bits are sent across multiple conductors http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 22. **Serial** Bits are sent one after another 23. **RS232** A standard asynchronous serial communication method. Serial meaning the information is sent one bit at a time and Asynchronous means that the info is not sent in predefined time slots. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia
 * C**oncurrent **V**ersions **S**ystem. A version control system for Unix that was initially developed as a series of shell scripts in the mid-1980s. CVS maintains the changes between one source code version and another and stores all the changes in one file.
 * F**ile **T**ranser **P**rotocol. A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network

Website/Website Design
1. **Blog** Web service that contains dated text enteries in reverse chronological order about a particular topic http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 2. **Wiki** A website that can be quickly edited by its visitors with simple formatting rules. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 3. **Net Neutrality** The absence of restrictions placed on the type of content carried over the internet by the carriers and ISPs that run the major backbone. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 4. **ISP I**nternet **S**ervice **P**rovider. An organization that provides access to the internet. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 5. **URI U**niform **R**esource **I**dentifier. The addressing technology for indentifying resources on the internet or private intranet. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 6. **URL** The address that defines the route to a file on an internet server. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 7. **Modem** A device for low speed dial up or high speed broadband internet connection. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 8. **Depracated** To make invalid or obsolete by removing or flagging the item http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 9. **Validation** To p rove something to be sound or logical. Also to certify conformance to standard http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 10. **Element** Item within an XHTML Language http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 11. **SGML S**tandard **G**eneralized **M**arkup **L**anguage. An ISO standard for defining the format in a text document. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 12. **XML** E**X**tensible **M**arkup **L**anguage. An open standard for describing data from the W3C http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 13. **Frameset** The HTML tag that devides a Web page into sections. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 14. **Strict** A strong adaption to the rules http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 15. **Attribute** In an XML document, a sub element defined within an element. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 16. **DTD D**ocument **T**ype **D**efinition. A language that describes the contents of an SGML document http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 17. **Well Formed** Data that conforms to the standard. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 18. **XHTML** The document format used on the web http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 19. **HTML H**yper **T**ext **M**arkup **L**anguage. The Document format used on the web. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 20. **CSS C**ascading **S**tyle **S**heet. A style sheet format for HTL documents endorsed by the World Wide Web. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 21. **Transitional** The filling in of the web document http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 22. **W3C** An international industry consortium founded by Tim Berners-Lee to develop standards for the Web http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia

Computer Parts: Internal and External
1. **Bus** A common pathway between resources and devices http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 2. **CPU C**entral **P**rocessing **U**nit. The computing part of the computer. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 3. **SCSI S**mall **C**omputer **S**ystem **I**nterface. SCSI's are used to connect several peripheral devices to a single PCI board. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 4. **USB U**niversal **S**erial **B**us. USB is a widely used hardware interface for attaching peripheral devices http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 5. **Firewire** A high-speed serial bus that allows for the connection of up to 63 devices. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 6. **Hard Drive** The primary computer storage device which spins, reads, and writes on or more fixed disk platters. Used for storing memory. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 7. **Floppy Drive** A reusable magnetic storage medium. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 8. **CD-ROM/ RW Drive C**ompact **D**isk **R**ead **O**nly **M**emory. A compact disc format used to store programs and data files. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 9. **SIMM S**ingle **I**n-**L**ine **M**emory **M**odule. An earlier printed circuit board that holds memory chips and plugs into a SIMM socket on the Motherboard http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 10. **DIMM D**ual **I**n-**L**ine **M**emory **M**odule. A printed circuit that holds memory chips and plugs into a DIMM socket on the Motherboard. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 11. **RAM R**andom **A**ccess **M**emory. A type of memory chip that is "byte addressable" and provides direct access to any location http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 12. **COM1** The name assigned to the first serial port on a PC. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 13. **ROM R**ead **O**nly **M**emory. A memory chip that permanently stores instructions and data http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 14. **OS O**perating **S**ystem. Sets the standards for all application programs that run in the computer http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 15. **Driver** A hardware device that provides signals or electrical current to activate a transmission line or display screen pixel. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 16. **IDE I**ntegrated **D**evelopment **E**nvironment. A set of programs run from a single user interface. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 17. **Virtual Memory** Simulation of more memory than actually exists, allowing the computer to run larger programs concurrently. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 18. **Fragmentation** Storing data in non-contiguous areas on disk http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 19. **Virtual Machine** An IBM machine that can run multiple operating systems within the computer at the same time, each one running its own programs. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 20. **Desktop** A single-user computer for stationary use. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 21. **NIC** Network Interface Card. A circuit board that plugs into the bus of both user machines and servers in a local area network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia

Security
1. **Phishing** A scam to steal valuable information http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 2. **Worm** A destructive program that replicates itself throughout a single computer or across a network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 3. **VPN** Virtual Private Network. A private network that is configures within a public network in order to take advantage of the economies of scale and management facilities of large networks http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 4. **PGP** Pretty Good Privacy. A dataa encryption program for PGP Corporation. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 5. **Audit Log** A record of transactions in an information system that provides verification of the activity of the system. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 6. **Availability** The accessibility of a system resource in a timely manner. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 7. **Buffer Overflow** A common cause of malfunctioning software. If the amount of data written into a buffer exceeds the size of the buffer, the additional data will be written into adjacent areas, which could be buffers, constans, flags of variable http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 8. **Logic Bomb** A program rouotine that destroys data when certain conditions are met. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 9. **Social Engineering** Using persuasion and deception to obtain confidential information from someone by phone or in person http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 10. **Strong Passwords** A password that is hard to detect both by humans and by the computer. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 11. **Confidentiality** Restrictions on the accessibility and dissemination of information. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 12. **Authentication** Verifying the integrity of a transmitted message or verifying the identity of a user logging onto a network. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 13. **Virus** Software used to infect a computer. After a virus code is written, it is burried within an existing program so once that program is executed the virus code is activated and attaches copies of itself to other programs in the system. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 14. **Firewall** The primary method for keeping a computer secure from intruders. Allows or blocks traffic into and out of a private network or the user's computer http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 15. **Spam** Email that is not requested. Mostly used to advertise products and sometimes to broadcast some political or social commentary. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 16. **PKI** Public Key Infrastructure. A framework for creating a secure method for exchanging information based ona public key cryptography. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 17. **Integrity** The quality and correctness, completeness, wholeness, soundness, and compliance with the intention of the creators of the data. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 18. **Encryption** The reversible transformation of data from the original to a difficult-to-interpret format as a mechanism for protecting its confidentiality, integrity, and sometimes authenticity. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia

Fonts/ Characters
1. **Font** A set of type characters of a particular typeface, design, and size. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 2. **Font Family** A set of fonts of the same typeface in assorted sizes, including bold, italic, and bold italic variations. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 3. **Sans Serif** A typeface style without serifs http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 4. **Italic/oblique** Refers to the slant to the right of characters in a particular typeface. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 5. **Mono-spaced** A font in which each character is the same width. an "I" takes up the same space as the letter "m". http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 6. **Proportionally spaced** Character spacing based on the width of each character. An "I" takes up less space than the letter "m". http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 7. **Point** In typography, a unit equal to 1/72 of an inch used to measure the vertical height of a printed character. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 8. **Character** A single alphabetic letter, numeric digit, or special symbol such as a decimal point of a comma. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 9. / Forward Slash. The divide symbol in programming and on calculator keyboard http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 10. **\** Back Slash. Used as a seporator between folder and file names in DOS, Windows, and OS/2 when the full path to a file is written out. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 11. @ "at". Shorthand for the word at, but has become widely identified around the world due to its use in internet email addresses. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 12. **&** And symbole, or "ampersand". Short hand for "and". http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia

Misc.
1. **Binary Number** All input to the ocmputer is converted into binary numbers made up of the two digits 0 and 1 http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 2. **Hexadecimal** The base 16 numbering system is used as a shorthand for representing binary numbers http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 3. **Octet** An eight-bit storage unit. Often used instead of a byte in the international community. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 4. **ASCII** American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a built-in binary code for representing characters in all computers except IBM mainframes http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 5. **RF** Radio Frequency. The range of electromagnetic jfrequencies above the audio range and below infrared light http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 6. **FAT** File Allocation Table. The original file system used in DOS, Windows, and OS/2 http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia 7. **NTFS** NT File System. An optical file system for Windows NT, ,2000, and XP operating systems. http://www.techweb.com/encyclopedia